At Mission Veterinary Emergency and Specialty, our neurology team, led by board-certified neurologist Dr. David Weinstein, frequently treats myelopathy cases, utilizing advanced diagnostics and specialized treatment approaches to improve outcomes. Understanding this condition, its causes, and available treatment options can help pet owners and general practice veterinarians recognize the signs early and seek appropriate care.

What is Myelopathy?

Myelopathy is a disorder affecting the spinal cord that can lead to weakness, paralysis, or loss of coordination. It can result from degenerative, compressive, inflammatory, or traumatic causes. While some forms progress slowly, others cause acute and severe neurologic impairment. Early diagnosis and intervention are key to improving a pet’s prognosis.

Common Causes of Myelopathy in Pets

Degenerative Myelopathy (DM)

A progressive spinal cord disease that primarily affects older dogs, particularly German Shepherds, Boxers, and Corgis.

Characterized by gradual hind limb weakness and loss of coordination.

Non-painful but ultimately leads to paralysis.

Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD)

Common in breeds such as Dachshunds, French Bulldogs, and Beagles.

Occurs when spinal discs herniate, compressing the spinal cord.

Can cause acute pain, weakness, or paralysis, often requiring surgery.

Neoplasia (Spinal Tumors)

Tumors can develop within or around the spinal cord, leading to progressive neurological deficits.

Can be primary (originating in the spine) or metastatic (spread from other areas).

Treatment varies based on tumor type, location, and progression.

Infectious & Inflammatory Myelopathies

Conditions such as meningomyelitis, granulomatous meningoencephalitis (GME), or bacterial infections can lead to spinal inflammation and dysfunction.

Diagnosis requires cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis and imaging.

Treatment often involves long-term immunosuppressive therapy and/or antibiotics.

Trauma-Related Myelopathy

Spinal cord injuries from falls, car accidents, or other trauma can cause acute paralysis.

Treatment depends on severity, with options ranging from rest and physical therapy to surgical stabilization.

How Neurologists Diagnose Myelopathy

A thorough neurological evaluation is essential for determining the cause and severity of myelopathy. Our neurologists use a combination of:

Physical and Neurologic Examination – Assessing gait, reflexes, and pain perception.

Advanced Imaging – MRI, CT scans, and myelography to identify spinal cord compression or lesions.

CSF Tap & Laboratory Testing – Detecting infections or inflammatory diseases.

Genetic Testing – Screening for degenerative myelopathy in at-risk breeds.

Treatment Approaches for Myelopathy

The treatment plan depends on the underlying cause:

Medical Management – Includes anti-inflammatory medications, steroids, and pain control.

Surgical Intervention – Required for conditions like IVDD, spinal tumors, or instability.

Physical Therapy & Rehabilitation – Hydrotherapy, acupuncture, and laser therapy help restore mobility.

Long-Term Care & Quality of Life Considerations – In cases where treatment options are limited, managing comfort and mobility aids (wheelchairs, harnesses) is crucial.

Success Stories: Real-World Cases

Case 1: Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD) A 4-year-old Dachshund, Leo, presented with sudden hind limb paralysis. MRI confirmed a herniated disc, and our neurologist performed a hemilaminectomy to relieve spinal compression. With post-operative physical therapy, the patient regained mobility within weeks.

Case 2: Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD) A 12-year-old pup, Folly, presented with back pain and unsteadiness on her feet. An MRI was performed, confirming DM. Following surgery, Folly is now comfortable and has improved steadiness on her feet.

Conclusion & When to Seek Neurological Care

If you notice signs of weakness in any of your pet's limbs, difficulty walking, or paralysis, seeking early neurological evaluation is critical. MVES is home to the state of Kansas’ sole board-certified neurologist, Dr. David Weinstein. Dr. Weinstein specializes in diagnosing and treating myelopathy cases, offering advanced care to ensure the best possible outcome for your pet. If you have concerns, don’t hesitate to reach out for a consultation.

To schedule a consultation, call: 913-722-5566

Email: [email protected]

For more success stories, check out our Neurology Hall of Fame here: https://www.missionveterinaryspecialists.com/neurology-hall-of-fame